Middle+Ages-Early+Medieval+Art

**CELTIC-GERMANIC STYLE** - “Nomad’s gear” Migrations of the Celts throughout Europe: they carried their style of art with them

Animal style with Abstract and organic shapes - Intricate and ornamental metalwork that the Celts and Vikings were know for

__Motif__ - distinctive and recurrent feature or theme, shape or figure in art
 *  man and animal,
 * eagle and ducks,
 * animals with intertwined limbs

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 //Sutton Hoo Ship Burial//, c. 700 (British Museum, London)
Multiple bronze, gold and silver objects of Anglo Saxon origin, found in Suffolk, England, including: a helmet, sceptre, sword, hanging bowl, bowls and spoons, shoulder clasps, a belt buckle, and purse lid. @http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/sutton-hoo-ship-burial.html

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http://www.humanities.mcmaster.ca/~beowulf/archeology.html http://www3.gettysburg.edu/~jpowers/suttonhoo.htm

Scandinavian post head from Oseberg ship burial c. 825 A.C.E. - mimics intertwined limb motif on skin of animal. 

HIBERNO-SAXON STYLE - Irish-English

 * Ireland was never under Roman rule - never presented with Christianity
 * Celtic culture infused with Christianity
 * More free spirited adaptation of religion
 * Less city focused, rural life in Ireland
 * Built the first European monasteries
 * Seats of learning and culture

Monasteries

 * Goal - to Spread Gospel to the heathens
 * SCRIPTORIA - writing workshops, illuminate copied manuscripts
 * The visual beauty should reflect the importance of its contents VERSUS
 * You can’t judge a book by its cover

ILLUMINATED MANUSCRIPTS

 * The Book of Kells (Irish: Leabhar Cheanannais)
 * sometimes known as the Book of Columba)
 * illuminated manuscript Gospel book in Latin, containing the four Gospels of the New Testament together
 * created by Celtic monks ca. 800 or slightly earlier.
 * Lindesfarne Gospels - c. 700
 * Cross page - decorative embellishment vs. illustration of events
 * The other great celtic illuminated Manuscript of the era.
 * Produced in Northumbria (northern England/southern Scotland

CATALOGUE OF ILLUMINATED MANUSCRIPTS

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Monastery Plan from St. Gall

 * ===Elaborate architectural plan for buildings and site of a monastery===
 * ===Many variations===
 * ===Copied style of San Vitale at Ravenna, Italy===
 * ===@http://www.stgallplan.org/index.html===



Carolingian Architectural Style:

 * ===CLERESTORY- windows high on the ceiling to capture light===
 * ===Use of symmetry===
 * ===Subterranean crypt===
 * ===Use of long bay flanked by columns===
 * ==16’6” Doors==
 * ==metalwork on doors of Bishop Bernward==
 * ==Bronze doors==
 * ==Harkens back to Rome==
 * ==Relief sculpture in bronze==
 * ==Biblical themes==

@http://www.sacred-destinations.com/germany/hildesheim-michaelskirche-photos/
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