Aegean+and+Greek+Art

Interactive Timeline Link for Ancient Greece
@http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/?period=04&region=eusb

Greeks - In General

 * Humanistic perfection
 * architectural space - exteriors emphasized,
 * written language with letters
 * advanced artwork, realistic sculptures, colorful illustrative paintings, with sophisticated subjects
 * thinkers who ponder the how and why of life, Plato, Aristotle, Socrates
 * Polytheistic
 * sciences & mathematics, medicine etc
 * olympic games-physical perfection of the male form
 * Literature, science, the arts all flourish in Greece
 * Art is divided into 4 eras: Geometric, Archaic, Classical and Hellenistic

**GEOMETRIC ERA c.1100-c.700 B.C.E.**
 * Philosophy - turns toward origin of universe and humans place in it.
 * Humanism vs. Spiritualism - separated Greeks from earlier civilizations.
 * Pythagoras - mathematical relationships are universal
 * Black and red figure vase paintings-vessels definitely emphasized form and function (beautiful and useful!)

Geometric Era Krater (vase)
media type="youtube" key="hfu1LZ8LTU0" height="315" width="420" @http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/geometric-greek.html Krater, Terracotta, 42 5/8 in. height (108.25 cm), ca. 750–700 B.C.E., Attic, Attributed to the Hirschfeld Workshop (Metropolitan Museum of Art) Speakers: [|Monica Hahn], Brian Seymour Attic refers to Attica, a historic region of Greece that included Athens.

<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">ARCHAIC ERA c.700-c.500 B.C.E.

 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Geometric patterns give way to more naturalistic styles
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Influenced by Egypt & other cultures they had contact with
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Kouros - Male nude sculptures-always nude
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Kore draped female sculptures - always dressed
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">lacked refinement, makes sculptures different from the classical era
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">“archaic smile” some life
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">stiff and rigid, stylized proportions
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Vases change and become more advanced, red figure instead of black, foreshortening

Archaic Greek Kouros (youth) Sculpture
ca. 590–580 B.C.E. (Metropolitan Museum of Art) media type="custom" key="12360742"

Illustrated Timeline for Archaic Period in Greece
@http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/argk/hd_argk.htm

Black and Red Vase Paintings of the late Archaic and Classical Era
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/vase/hd_vase.htm#thumbnails

=Euphronios, Attic Calyx-Krater (late Archaic)= @http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/greek-vase-painting.html

<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">ARCHITECTURE OF ARCHAIC AGE

 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">DEVELOPMENT OF ARCHITECTURAL ORDERS BEGINS
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Porch (Pronaos)-2 columns flanked by pilasters
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Cella(naos)-image of deity placed here
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Entablature-horizontal bands and structures above columns, divided into 3 parts
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Architrave
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Frieze
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Cornice
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Pediment-triangular part above the entabulature
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Doric order of architecture, PARTHENON uses this column, but is part of the Classical era.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Basilica or Temple of Hera - 550 B.C.E.

<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">SCULPTURE

 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Focus is wholly on portraying human form
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Very life like, vitality and harmony of life
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Polykleitos of Argos, artist famous for formulating a system of proportions that achieved this artistic effect and allowed others to reproduce it
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Many sculptures were cast in bronze (lost wax technique)

Click here to view the steps in the lost wax casting process used by the ancient Greeks to cast bronze sculptures.
@http://www.ancientsites.com/aw/Post/1235913

Great Link for how bronze sculptures are cast.

media type="youtube" key="W8GmKJXoTO8" height="315" width="420"

<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">CLASSICAL ERA ARCHITECTURE

 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Parthenon - 448-432 B.C.E.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Dedicated to Athena - goddess, patron of Athens
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Doric order-bigger yet less massive
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">White marble, festive balanced grace
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">More tapered columns, entasis, gives life to the column, almost sculptural
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">sits atop of the Acropolis (sacred hill) above Athens
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">carefully considered proportions

=The Parthenon= media type="custom" key="12361360" media type="youtube" key="aGitmYl6U90" height="315" width="420" @http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Arts/Parthenon.htm

<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">HELLENISTIC ERA c.300-c.150 B.C.E.
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Nike of Samothrace(Winged Victory) – c.200-c.190
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">SCULPTURE **

<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Venus de Milo – c.150-c.100 B.C.E. <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Laocoon Group – 1st century B.C.E.

<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Sculpture is now clothed at times and shows not only MOTION but EMOTION (facial expression)

<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">**ARCHITECTURE**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">The Corinthian Order (column) is developed
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">most elaborate
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">features acanthus leaf motif
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">continued the elongation and tapering seen in ionic