Romanesque

=Overview of Romanesque Art=

11th and 12th CENTURIES RELIGION 11th century all of Europe is Christianized – MONASTICISM

PILGRIMAGE - visit holy site to be saved, cured, blessed, etc. __Santiago__

RELICS would be the inspiration for a pilgrimage to begin – Authenticity versus making money

@http://www.internationalschooltoulouse.net/vs/pilgrims/relics.htm
//Reliquary of St. Foy// – late 10th early 11th century –

Shroud of Turin
@http://www.shroud.com/examine.htm media type="youtube" key="x4SuqG6Jz8M" height="315" width="420"media type="youtube" key="Bnn4vN-5YYY" height="315" width="420"

CRUSADES - holy wars to regain control over the holy land

PHILOSOPHY FEUDAL SOCIETY - landowner ruled over peasants and serfs People become merchants, money to be made off of pilgrimage visitors

ART Architecture becomes dominant art form. Churches are built en masse

<span style="color: #926019; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 18.6667px;">FRANCE <span style="color: #926019; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 18.6667px;">media type="youtube" key="X8Jc9Qr8ucg" height="315" width="560" align="left" <span style="color: #926019; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 18.6667px;">**__St. Sernin__** - c.1080-1120 - Toulouse, SW France <span style="color: #926019; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 18.6667px;">-Ceiling is vaulted <span style="color: #926019; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 18.6667px;">-TRANSEPT crosses the nave - Latin cross <span style="color: #926019; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 18.6667px;">-Clerestory windows were sacrificed for safety <span style="color: #926019; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 18.6667px;">-AMBULATORY – hallway around altar that solves “traffic” problem <span style="color: #926019; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 18.6667px;">-built there because it was on the way to Santiago de Compostela, a popular pilgrimage destination. <span style="color: #926019; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 18.6667px;">-contains the relics of St. Sernin



<span style="color: #926019; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 18.6667px;">**__Autun Ca__****__thedral__** - c.1120-32 - Burgundy, France <span style="color: #926019; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 18.6667px;">__CATHED____RAL__ - building that holds the __CATHEDRA__ (chair or throne of a bishop) <span style="color: #926019; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 18.6667px;">Pointed arch allow arches to be built taller without sacrificing safety <span style="color: #926019; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 18.6667px;">Thrust is transferred from down to in – Clerestory returns

<span style="color: #926019; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 18.6667px;">__GISLEBERTUS__ <span style="color: #926019; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 18.6667px;">//Last Judgment relief// on __TYMPANUM__ (semicircle over __PORTAL__) <span style="color: #926019; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 18.6667px;">__TRUMEAU__ - middle post between doors <span style="color: #926019; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 18.6667px;">__JAMB__ - outer posts <span style="color: #926019; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 18.6667px;">__LINTEL__ - runs over doors <span style="color: #926019; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 18.6667px;">Relief shows grim outlook for sinners to get the congregation in the right state of mind to listen to sermon.

<span style="color: #926019; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 18.6667px;">**__St. Etienne__** - 1068 - Caen, France <span style="color: #926019; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 18.6667px;">Built by William the Conqueror - Battle of Hastings 1066 <span style="color: #926019; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 18.6667px;">-WESTWERK towers

<span style="color: #926019; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 18.6667px;">ENGLAND <span style="color: #926019; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 18.6667px;">**__Durham Cathedral__** - 1093


 * ==<span style="color: #926019; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">William the Conqueror builds this too ==
 * ==<span style="color: #926019; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Uses the pointed rib groin vault over 3-story nave ==
 * ==<span style="color: #926019; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">This allowed them to have a semicircular area at the ends ==
 * ==<span style="color: #926019; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">lightweight and fireproof vaulting ==
 * ==<span style="color: #926019; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Clerestory windows come back too letting in light ==
 * ==<span style="color: #926019; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Hints at Gothic architecture and marks transition from Romanesque to Gothic ==

<span style="color: #926019; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 18.6667px;">ITALY <span style="color: #926019; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 18.6667px;">**__Pisa Cathedral, Baptistery and Campanile__** - 1053-1272 <span style="color: #926019; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 18.6667px;">CAMPANILE = (bell tower) “Leaning tower of Pisa”

<span style="color: #926019; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 18.6667px;">PAINTING <span style="color: #926019; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 18.6667px;">//St. John the Evangelist from the Gosphel Book of Abbot Wedricus// - c.1147


 * <span style="color: #926019; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 18.6667px;">//Bayeux Tapestry// - c. 1073-83 **

<span style="color: #926019; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 18.6667px;">Embroidered frieze - 230 feet long

<span style="color: #926019; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 18.6667px;">-Tells the story of the Battle of Hastings - reverts back to realistic depiction of historical events vs. symbolism

media type="youtube" key="LtGoBZ4D4_E" height="315" width="420" align="left" //<span class="caption" style="color: #926019; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Animation by David Newton, Sound Design by Marc Sylvan // //<span class="caption" style="color: #926019; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Copyright Potion Pictures Limited //

//<span style="color: #926019; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">The title "Bayeux Tapestry" is a bit of a misnomer—the textile is embroidered wool on linen, and not actually a woven tapestry. The wool was dyed using the plants Woad, Madder, and Rocket. The linen canvas measures 20 inches in height by 130 feet in length (50 cm x 70 m), and supports the narrative embroidery that tells of the Norman invasion of England—though very much from the Norman perspective. //

//<span style="color: #926019; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;"> The tapestry depicts Duke William of Normandy's conquest of Harold Godwinson—England's new and ill-fated King. The conquest is portrayed as fully justified, and Harold is represented as an opportunist who broke his oaths to Edward the Confessor, former King of England, and to William himself. //

<span style="color: #926019; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;"> //Although first known as William the "Bastard" (he was the illegitimate son of Robert the Magnificent and Herleva of Falaise), a name change accompanied his military success: he became known as William the “Conqueror." The Norman conquest is a key turning point in Western history, and the English language still reflects this dominance of French over Saxon culture//. http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/bayeux-tapestry.html