The+Ancient+World

READ: pp 28-37 of the text for Wednesday's class. This will prepare you for our discussion of the Ancient World. While reading ask yourself the following questions:
Come prepared to participate in our class discussion. Use text coding to help you read and comprehend.
 * 1) Who were the paleothic people?
 * 2) Who were the neolithic people?
 * 3) What is the difference in their art?
 * 4) What was life like back in the ancient world?
 * 5) Where was the art taking place?
 * 6) Why were they making art?
 * 7) How were they making art?





to explore the different panels and rooms. Be prepared to choose a favorite and explain why!
http://www.lascaux.culture.fr/#/en/00.xml

Visit the cave at Chauvet, France. This isn't a virtual tour, but does give a nice feel for what the cave is shaped liked and what the images within look like. There are also a lot more facts to explore and learn from here. Click here for Chauvet Cave

@http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave_painting

@http://smarthistory.org/ancient-cultures.html
The above link contains a variety of interesting articles about the ancient world. While these people are long dead and gone the poem on this page shows how they still were concerned with some of the same things we care about in the modern world. Epic of Gilgamesh. Gilgamesh mourns over the death of his friend Enkidu, fears his own death, and longs for eternal life.

How were paints mixed in the ancient world?
Pigments used include red and yellow [|ochre], [|hematite], [|manganese oxide] and [|charcoal]. Sometimes the silhouette of the animal was incised in the rock first, and in some caves all or many of the images are only engraved in this fashion, taking them somewhat out of a strict definition of "cave painting".

@http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2011/oct/13/stone-age-painting-kits

Stonehenge
Shorter Summary circa 2009 media type="youtube" key="zVRtYdGzmxw" height="315" width="560"

Nova Special 2011 media type="custom" key="12180824" = = =SUMMARY OF ANCIENT WORLD FACTS = **PALEOLITHIC, MESOLITHIC, and NEOLITHIC**- Paleolithic-40,000-10,000 BC- Mesolithic-10,000-8000 BC- Neolithic-8000-3000 BC

**Paleolithic art: Old Stone Age**

<span style="color: #70380a; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">-First signs of Man appeared in Africa @ 2 million years ago. Tool use @1 million. Earliest examples of Western art appeared as glaciers retreated.

<span style="color: #70380a; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">-**Venus of Willendorf**-carved limestone, c. 30,000-15,000 BC. Because of the importance of fertility, (infant mortality rates were high making it a necessity to have many children for survival) probably a fertility symbol. Done **in the round** versus in **relief.**

<span style="color: #70380a; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Cave Art** (Lascaux) <span style="color: #70380a; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">-murals at Lascaux. Normally, Paleolithic man did not portray humans in painting. Most are animals. Based on observation. Probably done by blowing **pigment** through a pipe. <span style="color: #70380a; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Pigment** -ground color used with a **vehicle** or **binder** on a **support**. <span style="color: #70380a; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Cave art often uses the contours of the cave to define the form of the animal. Leon Battista Alberti, an Italian Renaissance aesthetician, believed that man first created images through association. The surface of the wall may have inferred the shape then the artist would "perfect" an image. The works at Lascaux seem to confirm **Alberti's "image by accident" theory**.

<span style="color: #70380a; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Mesolithic period** <span style="color: #70380a; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">-Marked by a series of migrations with a movement toward agriculture and fishing. More interest in agriculture and more permanent communities. LEADS to the changes that result in the <span style="color: #70380a; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">**New Stone Age and Neolithic Art**

<span style="color: #70380a; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Stonehenge** <span style="color: #70380a; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">-possibly used for astronomical observations or rituals. It is the earliest example of public art in N. Europe.

<span style="color: #70380a; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Megaliths**-**menhirs**-(long) single unhewn or slightly sculpted-**dolmens**-(table) two or more verticals with a horizontal-**cromlechs**-(circle) menhirs in a circle or semi-circle(words taken from Celtic language) <span style="color: #70380a; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Post and Lintel Construction**

<span style="color: #70380a; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">-two upright columns and one lintel cross-piece. Basic construction method from which other methods grew. <span style="color: #70380a; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Taken from: @http://faculty.evansville.edu/rl29/art105/sp04/art105-12.html

<span style="color: #70380a; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Megalithic Cultures

<span style="color: #70380a; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Compare/Contrast the Paleothic to Neolithic Peoples
have to keep moving with food source || have built shelters to better survive, settled into dwellings can stay in one place ||
 * Stuff in their Lives || Paleothic || Neolithic ||
 * food source || animals hunted and gathered || farming, growing food, some hunting ||
 * shelter || living in caves, wearing animal skins || living in architecturally built dwellings made of wood, mud etc ||
 * natural world || harsh environment, no protection or control
 * tools and skills || mostly stone tools chipped and shaped || stone tools, but also pottery, wood and other more sophisticated ||