Middle+Ages-Early+Christian+&+Byzantine

05 Early Christian and Byzantine Art

@http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/gaul/hd_gaul.htm

=Catacombs=

@http://www.catacombe.org/uk_index.html @http://www.catacombe.roma.it/en/index.php http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_commissions/archeo/inglese/documents/rc_com_archeo_doc_20011010_cataccrist_en.html#Origini

Tour of the Catacombs Video
@http://www.catholic.org/video/watch.php?v=674

media type="youtube" key="cIHGlj_MoxY" height="315" width="420"

Not just Italy, but worldwide
Interesting Photo Gallery of Tombs and Catacombs from National Geographic

media type="custom" key="12557306"

@http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/sarcophagus-of-junius-bassus.html

Roman Sarcaphogi
@http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/rsar/hd_rsar.htm

Saint Apolliniare (Sant'Apollinare)
c. 533-49 CE-architecture @http://www.sacred-destinations.com/italy/ravenna-st-apollinare-in-classe
 * new type of early Christian basilica, becomes model for early churches
 * spacious interior for worship
 * - Narthex and Apse are added to Roman Basilica –transforms Basillica from meeting place to House of God
 * AXIAL PLAN - all parts are on one line or axis

Saint Vitale -Architecturally important
@http://www.sacred-destinations.com/italy/ravenna-san-vitale
 * c. 540-47 CE
 * Octagonal Plan for interior
 * no more longitudinal axis
 * more Eastern looking (think mosque)
 * central plan church (Eastern Orthodox)
 * houses the mosaic of Emperor Justinian

Mosaic of Emperor Justinian and His Attendants
media type="custom" key="12557384" @http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/byzantine-justinian.html

Justinian and his Attendants/Theodora and her Attendants
c. 547 CE
 * used tesserae
 * -Separation of church and state?
 * - Holy men on one side, warriors on the other
 * -Halos on Justinian and Theodora
 * -Justinian compared to Christ
 * Serving the Eucharist - him with bread, her with wine
 * -Chi-rho symbol on the shield
 * -Flanked by 12 people (apostles)
 * -Byzantine painting style - almond shaped faces

360 View of San Vitale
@http://www.learn.columbia.edu/ha/html/byzantine_ravenna_san_vitale_apse.htm

Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, Turkey
@http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/haso/hd_haso.htm
 * Istanbul (Constantinople), Turkey c. 532-537 (Church of Holy Wisdom)
 * so famous that architects were remembered
 * Domes on square bases - PENDENTIVES on corners
 * Pendentives are spherical triangles
 * allows for taller, lighter more economical domes
 * Is now a mosque



ICON PAINTING - Portraits of Christ, Mary, saints, etc.

 * controversial to Christians
 * shouldn’t worship images/statues pagan
 * this debate split the Church into the Western Christians and the Orthodox Christians
 * Madonna Enthroned c. late 13th century, tempera painted on wood panel